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The TRANSLATE function requires an internet connection. There is also a daily quota in place that you may exceed if you use this function frequently. The function update speed may drop (throttled).
In the image below you can see some examples of the TRANSLATE function in column D. The formulas used in column D are shown in column E.
The TRANSLATE function only requires a single argument.
With a single argument the function will guess the language that you are converting from and will convert the word into English.
The use of case in the translation is not consistent. Sometimes the translated word is capitalised (cells D2 and D3) other times it will match the case of the word being translated.
You need to use a specific code to identify a language. In the image above the code id is for Indonesian.
You can see the codes at the link below.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/ai-services/Translator/language-support
In the example file for this blog post I have downloaded the table of languages and codes using Power Query and the above link. You can see the output table in the image below.
You can download the example file at the link below.